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Nepenthes rafflesiana : ウィキペディア英語版 | Nepenthes rafflesiana
''Nepenthes rafflesiana'' (; after Stamford Raffles), or Raffles' Pitcher-Plant,〔Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 is a species of tropical pitcher plant. It has a very wide distribution covering Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Singapore. ''Nepenthes rafflesiana'' is extremely variable, with numerous forms and varieties described. In Borneo alone, there are at least three distinct varieties. The giant form of this species produces enormous pitchers rivalling those of ''N. rajah'' in size. ==Distribution and habitat==
''Nepenthes rafflesiana'' is a widespread lowland species. It is common in Borneo and parts of the Riau Archipelago, but has a restricted distribution in both Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra. It is only widespread in the southeastern region of the Malay Peninsula, particularly in the state of Johor, where it is relatively abundant. ''Nepenthes rafflesiana'' has only been recorded from the west coast of Sumatra, between Indrapura and Barus.〔Clarke, C.M. 2001. ''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 It is also found in Singapore and on a number of smaller islands, including Bangka, Labuan,〔Burbidge, F.W. 1882. (Notes on the new ''Nepenthes''. ) ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', new series, 17(420): 56.〕 Natuna,〔 Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. (on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island. ) ''Berita Biologi'' 11(1): 33–42. (Abstract )〕 and the Lingga Islands.〔Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: ''Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.〕 ''Nepenthes rafflesiana'' generally occurs in open, sandy, wet areas. It has been recorded from ''kerangas'' forest, secondary formations, margins of peat swamp forest, heath forest, and seaside cliffs. It grows at elevations ranging from sea-level to 1200 m〔 or even 1500 m.〔Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. ''Journal of Tropical Forest Science'' 5(1): 13–25.〕
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